Primary

This paper reviews Bank interventions that supported the welfare of children in the last decade. Though the Bank has always addressed children's development, and protection through its focus of broader economic development, and social protection, it has recently intensified its efforts to directly address children's issues in the context of a broader international effort to improve the general welfare of children and, more specifically, to reduce child labor.

The purpose of this document is to guide readers in the creation of a distance education program in Jamaica that has as its objective the strengthening of teacher quality in secondary schools across the island. The need for heightened teacher quality at the secondary level emerged as a result of two main factors. First, in 1999-2000 there were approximately 12,000 teachers teaching a combined enrolment of 227,330 students in 594 secondary schools of all types.

This study investigates the way in which primary and secondary school teachers in Jamaica are paid. The specific objectives of the study, as set out in the Terms of Reference, are to: 1. evaluate the present structure of the teachers' salary scale; 2. identify alternative strategies for restructuring the scale to improve incentives; and 3. assess the implications for pensions and the challenges for implementation. Section 2 gives an overview of the education sector in Jamaica, with particular focus on aggregate expenditures, student achievement, and the teaching profession.

The AIDS epidemic is doubling, or tripling the mortality of men, and women in their prime childbearing, and earning years in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, with the tragic result that an estimated one in ten African children under 15, has lost one, or both parents. High adult mortality threatens to reverse hard-won gains in raising school enrollments, and, the loss of a parent could reduce a child's chances of starting, continuing, or completing school, affecting his or her long-term productivity, earning capacity, health, and well-being.

In 1995, Save the Children/US-Malawi introduced a small pilot project called COPE-Community-based Options for Protection and Empowerment, to provide direct services to prevent, and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, families, and communities in one district. Over the past six years, the program has evolved, and expanded to four districts, covering nine percent of the national population.

In many regions of the world, the phenomenon of street children is unabated, while it is emerging in others where it was unknown so far. Behind child disconnection lie highly vulnerable families and communities, many struggling to come to terms with economic liberalization and growing inequality. Disconnection can also be traced to a lack of communication in the family and the weakening of social capital.

Too often, policy for vocational education in developing countries has only concerned itself with a literate minority within the labor force. This study helps to widen that view. From the perspective of Education for All and Lifelong Education, the report examines efforts to combine vocational training with literacy education, to enable a very poor, illiterate labor force, especially rural women, to develop more productive livelihoods, and take on increasingly active roles in transforming their families, and communities.

Secondary education holds a privileged position in all education systems. placed between. In most African countries, however, secondary education is facing three common problems: inadequate infrastructures, improper equipment, and limited laboratories and qualified staff. Despite this, society in increasingly demanding that secondary education prepare students for jobs and prepare them for higher education. To these two missions is added a third complex one: setting up admission structures for a growing school population continually emerging from the primary sector.

This paper reports on the framework of a regional study to be undertaken in the Africa Region that focuses on secondary education. The study's goals are to: a) Collect and summarize best practices and identify sustainable development plans for expanding and improving the quality, equity, and efficiency of secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa. b) Identify policy options for the development of a strategic agenda for implementation of secondary education reforms in Sub-Saharan African countries.

Ensuring that children are healthy and able to learn is an essential component of an effective education system. Good health increases enrollment and reduces absenteeism, and brings more of the poorest and most disadvantaged children to school, many of whom are girls. It is these children who are often the least healthy and most malnourished, and who have the most to gain educationally from improved health.