Secondary

The three Central American countries examined in this study suffered violent internal conflicts during the 1980s but faced the 1990s largely at peace and with a renewed sense of hope. As in most post-conflict societies peace brings not just a cessation of hostilities, but also the opportunity for transformation, especially in terms of addressing the root causes of the conflict and building a better future for the next generation. The immediate post-conflict period offers a window of opportunity to undertake these transformations by adopting bold and longer-term reform processes.

Given the successful partnership between the World Bank and UNICEF on youth and other development issues, including child protection, the two development institutions jointly organized and co-sponsored a conference on Youth in South Eastern Europe, held in Rome from 29 to 31 May, 2002. The conference built on previous global and regional work that used the rights-based approach to develop and strengthen youth policy in the countries of South Eastern Europe.

This pamphlet presents stories of people from local communities, civil society, the private sector, international institutions, and the World Bank who are working together to create opportunities around the world.

This study investigates the way in which primary and secondary school teachers in Jamaica are paid. The specific objectives of the study, as set out in the Terms of Reference, are to: 1. evaluate the present structure of the teachers' salary scale; 2. identify alternative strategies for restructuring the scale to improve incentives; and 3. assess the implications for pensions and the challenges for implementation. Section 2 gives an overview of the education sector in Jamaica, with particular focus on aggregate expenditures, student achievement, and the teaching profession.

In 1994, the newly elected Government in Malawi abolished primary school fees. Using household survey data from 1990/91, and 1997/98, this paper assesses the impact this major policy change, combined with increased Government spending on education, has had on access to schooling by the poor. This paper shows that enrolment rates have increased dramatically over the 1990s, at both the primary and secondary levels, and that crucially, these gains have been greatest for the poor.

In 1995, Save the Children/US-Malawi introduced a small pilot project called COPE-Community-based Options for Protection and Empowerment, to provide direct services to prevent, and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, families, and communities in one district. Over the past six years, the program has evolved, and expanded to four districts, covering nine percent of the national population.

Too often, policy for vocational education in developing countries has only concerned itself with a literate minority within the labor force. This study helps to widen that view. From the perspective of Education for All and Lifelong Education, the report examines efforts to combine vocational training with literacy education, to enable a very poor, illiterate labor force, especially rural women, to develop more productive livelihoods, and take on increasingly active roles in transforming their families, and communities.

Secondary education holds a privileged position in all education systems. placed between. In most African countries, however, secondary education is facing three common problems: inadequate infrastructures, improper equipment, and limited laboratories and qualified staff. Despite this, society in increasingly demanding that secondary education prepare students for jobs and prepare them for higher education. To these two missions is added a third complex one: setting up admission structures for a growing school population continually emerging from the primary sector.

This paper reports on the framework of a regional study to be undertaken in the Africa Region that focuses on secondary education. The study's goals are to: a) Collect and summarize best practices and identify sustainable development plans for expanding and improving the quality, equity, and efficiency of secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa. b) Identify policy options for the development of a strategic agenda for implementation of secondary education reforms in Sub-Saharan African countries.

Ensuring that children are healthy and able to learn is an essential component of an effective education system. Good health increases enrollment and reduces absenteeism, and brings more of the poorest and most disadvantaged children to school, many of whom are girls. It is these children who are often the least healthy and most malnourished, and who have the most to gain educationally from improved health.