Tertiary

The purpose of this report is to show how development issues and policy initiatives shaped the design and structure of the science, technology, and innovation (STI) capacity-building program that eventually emerged from the partnership between the Government of Rwanda and the World Bank.

This paper examines the financing of tertiary education in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, comparing the affordability and accessibility of tertiary education with that in high-income countries. To measure affordability, the authors estimate education costs, living costs, grants, and loans. Further, they compute the participation rate, attainment rate, and socio-economic equity index in education and the gender equity index as indicators of accessibility. This is the first study attempting to estimate affordability of tertiary education in Latin America within a global context.

This report argues that if a growth surge is to evolve into a virtuous spiral that stimulates even higher and sustained growth rates in a substantial number of African countries, a significant increase in investment in physical and human capital is needed over an extended period. This report stresses that there is an urgent need for countries in Sub-Sahara Africa to acquire the capabilities that will spawn new industries that create more productive jobs, multiple linkages, and a wider range of exports.

This report argues that if a growth surge is to evolve into a virtuous spiral that stimulates even higher and sustained growth rates in a substantial number of African countries, a significant increase in investment in physical and human capital is needed over an extended period. This report stresses that there is an urgent need for countries in Sub-Sahara Africa to acquire the capabilities that will spawn new industries that create more productive jobs, multiple linkages, and a wider range of exports.

New technologies such as the Internet and mobile phones are growing much faster than older information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as television, radio, mainline telephones, and newspapers. Mobile phones have overtaken mainline phones in coverage in many parts of the world, and there are more internet users per 1,000 people than there are daily newspapers purchased in every region except South Asia. Even so, internet use remains low in poorer developing countries, and radios and televisions are much more prevalent.

Training local researchers to conduct high-quality qualitative research in a country like Sierra Leone is both a time and resource-intensive task. However, there are many benefits to partnering with a local organization which cannot be replicated or replaced by simply hiring ready-made international researchers. First, the J4P project in Sierra Leone has received a great deal of appreciation locally for its decision to work closely with a national partner, and its commitment to building local research capacity.

Countries that invest heavily and effectively in education and skills to produce information and knowledge will benefit economically and socially. The European Union (EU) has set the goal to make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world. Turkey, in its Ninth Development Plan, aims to increase educational attainment and develop a lifelong education strategy to meet the requirements of a changing and developing economy and labor market.

Countries that invest heavily and effectively in education and skills to produce information and knowledge will benefit economically and socially. The European Union (EU) has set the goal to make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world. Turkey, in its Ninth Development Plan, aims to increase educational attainment and develop a lifelong education strategy to meet the requirements of a changing and developing economy and labor market.

International trade in higher education services has grown rapidly in recent years in a variety of forms. The most common form of this trade is the movement of students to study in foreign universities, which has been supplemented by the delivery of foreign higher education programs and institutions to transition and developing countries. Among the factors propelling demand for foreign higher education services are the excess demand for domestic higher education and the need for internationally recognized qualifications in emerging regional and global markets for highly skilled labor.

One of the principal challenges in reducing poverty and accelerating development in Peru is improving the quality of education. This book is a contribution from the World Bank to the debate over how to improve the quality of education. The book has three main recommendations that, to be successful, should be implemented sequentially. First, it is necessary to generate basic standards, quality goals, and quality measurement systems. Second, once quality can be measured a clear system of accountability should be implemented based on these standards and quality goals.